Оксфордский университет Брукса, Здание Гиббс, линия Джипси, Хэдингтон, Оксфорд OC3 0BP, Англия [wfinlayson@brookes.ac.uk]

Резюме. Имеются данные, что ранненеолитические общества Юго-Западной Азии поощряли эгалитарное поведение, используя для этого, в частности, погребальную обрядность, маскирующую индивидуальные различия, и совместное распределение пищевых ресурсов, которые могли, например, храниться в общественных закромах. Долгое время подразумевалось, что такое эгалитарное поведение продолжает традиционные практики охотников-собирателей, имевшие целью препятствовать появлению имущественного неравенства среди индивидов или домохозяйств, возможности для чего создавали новые способы производства пищи и её хранения. Однако ничто или почти ничто не говорит о том, что предшествовавшая неолиту натуфийская культура представляла собой типичное охотничье-собирательское общество. Равенство могло быть просто одной из инноваций, появившихся в ранненеолитических обществах. В позднем неолите ему на смену пришла более иерархическая социальная система.

Ключевые слова: неолит, Юго-Западная Азия, эгалитаризм, делёж, хранение.

Материал поступил 02.01.2020 г., принят 29.01.2020.

DOI: 10.31600/2658-3925-2020-1-27-43

Для цитирования: Финлейсон Б. Эгалитарные общества и ранний неолит Юго-Западной Азии. Первобытная археология. Журнал междисциплинарных исследований. 2020 (1), 27-43. DOI: 10.31600/10.31600/2658-3925-2020-1-27-43

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