St. Petersburg State University, Department of General Linguistics, 11 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia [peshuv@gmail.com]

Abstract. The formation of small closed refugia during the LGM could have contributed to the

formation of the corresponding language zones. The bearers of the Arene-Candide–Villabruna cluster, including R1b1a, probably spoke early Proto- or Para-Nostratic. By the 12th millennium, the territory from the Pyrenees to the Volga was occupied by two distantly related linguistic and cultural groups, spreading respectively from Italy to the west and from the Balkans to the north.

In the 9th‑8th millennia, a third group, different from the previous two, spread from the east through the forest zone of Eastern Europe, Scandinavia and the Baltics.

Keywords: Final Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Nostratic languages, archaeogenetics, Urheimat.

Recevied 02.04.2024, revised 24.05.2024, accepted 03.06.2024

DOI: 10.31600/2658-3925-2024-1-77-92

For citation: Shuvalov P. V. Middle European ancestral homeland of the Nostratic languages: notes of an outside observer (in Russ.). Prehistoric Archaeology. Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies. 2024 (1), 77–92, DOI: 10.31600/2658-3925-2024-1-77-92

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